Effects of Grazing Enclosures on Species Diversity, Phenology, Biomass, and Carrying Capacity in Borana Rangeland, Southern Ethiopia

A grazing enclosure (GE) is one of the most effective techniques for restoring degraded rangelands by modifying composition, abundance, and diversity species. However, effect GEs on different intensities durations compared to open-grazing (OG) not well known. We aimed assess GE characteristics plant established five plots in a short-term enclosure, long-term an OG treatment examine vegetation species’ height, diversity, phenology, biomass, heterogeneity, carrying capacity (CC) rangeland under grazed enclosed conditions. found that significantly ( P < 0.05) increased CC, phenological period, species diversity. increase periods were consistent with duration, higher increments recorded at site. The highest Shannon index value StGE (2.45) was 28.6 12.2% greater than LtGE (1.75) (2.15) sites, respectively. advanced site showed 22.6 60.3% values capacities 23.4 114.3% livestock observed sites. In addition, heterogeneity plants’ community GE, due decrease conclusion, this paper further contributes development theoretical basis effects recommends strategies like rotational reseeding be used tandem sustainable management rangelands.